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廈門莫格電氣自動化有限公司

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本文介紹了一種以C8051F310單片機為控制核心,基于無線收發(fā)芯片CC1020的通信模塊。對其工作原理和工作方式進行了分析,給出了設(shè)計思路和硬件電路。并重點闡述了通信模塊的實現(xiàn)過程。

關(guān)鍵詞：無線通信;CC1020;射頻;C8051F310

引言

隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)及通信技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,無線通信以其成本低廉、擴展性好、受地理條件限制較少、安裝施工簡便靈活等特點,在許多領(lǐng)域都有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。

CC1020簡介

CC1020是一種理想的超高頻單片收發(fā)器芯片。主要用于ISM(工業(yè)、科研及醫(yī)療)頻帶和在426/429/433/868/915MHz頻帶的SRD(Short Range Device－近距離設(shè)備)中,也可經(jīng)編程后用于頻率為402MHz~470MHz和 804MHz~940MHz的多信道設(shè)備。CC1020主要的工作參數(shù)可通過串行總線接口編程,例如輸出功率、頻率及AFC。

在接收模式下,CC1020可看成是一個傳統(tǒng)的超外差接收器。RF輸入信號經(jīng)低噪聲放大器(LNA和LNA2)放大后,翻轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)過積分器(I和Q)產(chǎn)生中頻IF信號。在中頻處理階段,I/Q信號經(jīng)混合濾波、放大后經(jīng)ADC轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字信號。然后進行自動獲取控制、信道濾波、解調(diào)和二進制同步化處理,在DIO引腳輸出數(shù)字解調(diào)數(shù)據(jù),DCLK引腳獲取同步數(shù)字時鐘數(shù)據(jù)。RSSI為數(shù)字形式,并可通過竄行接口讀出。RSSI還可作為可編程的載波檢測指示器。

在發(fā)送模式下,合成的RF信號直接饋送到功率放大器PA。射頻輸出是FSK信號,此信號是由饋送到DIO引腳的數(shù)字比特流通過FSK調(diào)制產(chǎn)生的。可使用一個高頻濾波器來得到高斯頻移鍵控GFSK。芯片內(nèi)部的收/發(fā)開關(guān)電路使天線容易接入和匹配。

硬件電路設(shè)計

微控制器選型

微控制器采用Cygnal公司生產(chǎn)的C8051F310,該處理器具有與8051*兼容的CIP-51內(nèi)核,是一款*集成的混合信號ISP型MCU芯片,帶有模擬多路器的10位200ksps的25通道單端/差分ADC,硬件實現(xiàn)的I2C、增強型UART及SPI接口,Flash存儲器具有在系統(tǒng)重編程能力,可用于非易失性數(shù)據(jù)存儲,并且允許現(xiàn)場更新8051固件。該型號單片機體積小、性能高,能夠快速存取數(shù)據(jù),也易于系統(tǒng)開發(fā)以及擴展,很適合本設(shè)計的需要。

CC1020結(jié)構(gòu)配置接口

CC1020結(jié)構(gòu)配置接口與微控制器的連接如圖1所示。微控制器使用引腳P2.2~P2.5與CC1020的結(jié)構(gòu)配置接口PSEL、PCLK、PDI、PDO連接。PDO與微控制器的一個輸入端連接。PDI、PCLK和PSEL連接到微控制器的輸出端。如果把PDI和PDO連接在一起,微控制器可以使用一個雙向引腳端,則可節(jié)省微控制器的一個I/O端口。

當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)配置接口不使用時,連接到PSEL、PCLK、PDI和PDO引腳端的微控制器引腳可作他用。當(dāng)PSEL引腳端無效(保持高電平)時(PSEL引腳端低電平有效),PCLK、PDI和PDO是高阻抗輸入狀態(tài)。PSEL有一個內(nèi)部上拉電阻,在低功耗模式時必須斷開(由微控制器三態(tài)控制),或者設(shè)為高電平,以阻止電流流入上拉電阻。

CC1020通過簡單的四串行SPI接口進行編程。有8位的結(jié)構(gòu)配置寄存器。每一位寄存器的地址是7位,1位作為讀/寫位,初始化讀或?qū)懙牟僮?。CC1020一次完整的配置,要求發(fā)送33個數(shù)據(jù)幀,每幀16位(Address 7位,R/W 1位,Data 8位)。一次完整配置所需時間取決于PCLK的頻率。如果PCLK頻率為10MHz,完成一次完整配置的時間少于53ms。將CC1020設(shè)為低功耗模式,只需發(fā)送一幀數(shù)據(jù),因此所需的時間不到2ms。所有的寄存器都是可讀的。

CC1020信號收發(fā)接口

CC1020信號收發(fā)接口與微控制器的連接如圖1所示。微控制器使用引腳P2.6和P3.4與CC1020的雙向同步數(shù)據(jù)接口DIO、DCLK連接。

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